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4. Questions - Got a question about Avro Lancastrian then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
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8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Avro Lancastrian site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Avro Lancastrian, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
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{{infobox Aircraft |name = Lancastrian
|type = Passenger and mail transport
|manufacturer = [Avro
|image = Image:Avro_Lancastrian.jpg
|caption =
|designer = [Roy Chadwick
|first flight = [1943 in aviation
|introduced = [1945 in aviation ([British Overseas Airways Corporation)
|retired = 1960s
|status =
|primary user = [British Overseas Airways Corporation
|more users = [Trans Canada Airlines[Alitalia[Royal Air Force
|produced = [1943 in aviation-[1945 in aviation
|number built = 91 (including conversions)
|unit cost =
|developed from = [Avro Lancaster
|variants with their own articles =
-->
The
Avro 691 Lancastrian was a United Kingdom passenger and
mail plane aircraft of the
1940s and
1950s developed from the Avro Lancaster bomber.
Design and development
In 1943 in aviation,
Avro through its wartime
Victory Aircraft Canadian subsidiary converted a Avro Lancaster X bomber for civil transport duties with Trans-Canada Airlines (
TCQ). This conversion was a success resulting in six additional Lancaster Xs being converted. The "specials" were powered by Packard-built Merlin 38 engines and featured a lengthened, streamlined nose and tail cone. Range was enhanced by two 400-gallon Lancaster long-range fuel tanks fitted as standard in the bomb bay. These Lancastrians were used by TCA on its Montreal–Prestwick route.
Operational history
In
1945 in aviation, deliveries commenced of 30 British-built Lancastrians for
British Overseas Airways Corporation. On a demonstration flight on
23 April 1945, G-AGLF flew 13,500 miles (21,700 km) from England to Auckland, New Zealand in three days, 14 hours at an average speed of 220 mph (354 km/h).
Since the Lancastrian had rather limited cubic capacity yet had a "good turn of speed" and long range, it was most suited for transport of mail and VIP passengers. BOAC used it on England to
Australia flights from 31 May
1945. It also served with the Royal Air Force, one of whose planes named
Aries, completing the first airborne circumnavigation of the globe, as well as serving with QANTAS and Flota Aerea Mercante Argentina.
Lancastrians were also used during the
Berlin Airlift to transport petrol; 15 aircraft made over 5,000 sorties.
In another role, Lancastrians were also used for tests of various
turboprop and jet engines. One powered with Rolls-Royce Nene turbojets is credited with the first international passenger jet flight from London to Paris on 23 November 1946. The flight time was just 41 minutes.
Stardust
On
2 August 1947, Lancastrian
G-AGWH Star Dust (aeroplane) of British South American Airways crashed in the Argentina Andes after sending a cryptic radio message, what became known as the "
Stendec." The wreckage was found 50 years later but the radio message remains a puzzle.
Stendec was later adopted as the name of a UFO magazine.
The probable cause of the crash was a navigation error due to the then unknown effect of fast-moving, high altitude airstreams. Headwinds meant that dead reckoning of their position was inaccurate and the pilot started the descent while the plane was still over and not past the crest of the Andes mountains.
Variants
Avro 691Nine built by converting Lancasters at Victory Aircraft Ltd Canada.
Lancastrian C.1Nine-seat transport aircraft for BOAC and
Qantas. Royal Air Force designation
Lancastrian C.1 to
List of Air Ministry Specifications. A total of 23 built by Avro
Lancastrian C.2Nine-seat military transport aircraft for the RAF. A total of 33 built by Avro
Lancastrian C.313-seat transport aircraft for British South American Airways. A total of 18 built by Avro
Lancastrian C.4Ten to 13-seat military transport aircraft for the RAF. Eight built by Avro
Operators
Civil Operators
- Flota Aerea Mercante Argentina
Military Operators
Specifications (Lancastrian C.1)
{{aircraft specifications
|plane or copter?=plane|jet or prop?=prop
|ref=
|crew=5|capacity=9 passengers|payload main=3,560 kg of mail|payload alt=|length main= 76 ft 10 in|length alt=23.4 m|span main=102 ft|span alt=31.1 m|height main=19 ft 6 in|height alt=5.9 m|area main= 1,297 ft²|area alt= 120.5 m²|airfoil=|empty weight main= 30,426 lb|empty weight alt= 13,800 kg|loaded weight main=65,000 lb|loaded weight alt= 29,480 kg|useful load main=|useful load alt=|max takeoff weight main=|max takeoff weight alt=|more general=
|engine (jet)=|type of jet=|number of jets=|thrust main=|thrust alt=|thrust original=|afterburning thrust main=|afterburning thrust alt=|engine (prop)=
Rolls Royce Merlin 24|type of prop=piston|number of props=4|power main= 1,250 hp|power alt=930 kW|power original=
|max speed main= 310 mph at 5,000 ft|max speed alt= 500 km/h at 1,520 m|cruise speed main=|cruise speed alt=|stall speed main=|stall speed alt=|never exceed speed main=|never exceed speed alt=|range main= 4,150 miles|range alt=6,680 km|ceiling main= 23,000 ft|ceiling alt= 7,000 m|climb rate main=750 ft/min|climb rate alt= 230 m/min|loading main=|loading alt=|thrust/weight=|power/mass main=|power/mass alt=|more performance=
|armament=
|avionics=
-->
References
- Franks, Richard A. The Avro Lancaster, Manchester and Lincoln: A Comprehensive Guide for the Modeller. London: SAM Publications, 2000. ISBN 0-9533465-3-6.
- Holmes, Harry. Avro Lancaster (Combat Legend series). Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd., 2002. ISBN 1-84037-376-8.
- Jackson, A.J. Avro Aircraft since 1908, 2nd edition. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1990. ISBN 0-85177-834-8.
- Mackay, R.S.G. Lancaster in action. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications Inc., 1982. ISBN 0-89747-130-X.
- Milberry, Larry. The Canadair North Star. Toronto: CANAV Books, 1982. ISBN 0-07-549965-7.
- Taylor, John W. R. "Avro Lancaster." Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. ISBN 0-425-03633-2.
External links
- British Aircraft Directory
- British Aircraft of WWII
Related content
{{aircontent|related=
|similar aircraft=
|sequence=Avro York -
Avro Tudor -691 -
Avro Cabin Cadet -Avro Lincoln -
Avro Athena -Avro Shackleton
|lists=
|see also=
List of aircraft of the RAF-->
{{infobox Aircraft |name = Lancastrian
|type = Passenger and mail transport
|manufacturer = [Avro
|image = Image:Avro_Lancastrian.jpg
|caption =
|designer = [Roy Chadwick
|first flight = [1943 in aviation
|introduced = [1945 in aviation ([British Overseas Airways Corporation)
|retired = 1960s
|status =
|primary user = [British Overseas Airways Corporation
|more users = [Trans Canada Airlines[Alitalia[Royal Air Force
|produced = [1943 in aviation-[1945 in aviation
|number built = 91 (including conversions)
|unit cost =
|developed from = [Avro Lancaster
|variants with their own articles =
-->
The
Avro 691 Lancastrian was a
United Kingdom passenger and mail plane aircraft of the
1940s and 1950s developed from the Avro Lancaster bomber.
Design and development
In 1943 in aviation,
Avro through its wartime
Victory Aircraft Canadian subsidiary converted a
Avro Lancaster X bomber for civil transport duties with Trans-Canada Airlines (
TCQ). This conversion was a success resulting in six additional Lancaster Xs being converted. The "specials" were powered by Packard-built Merlin 38 engines and featured a lengthened, streamlined nose and tail cone. Range was enhanced by two 400-gallon Lancaster long-range fuel tanks fitted as standard in the bomb bay. These Lancastrians were used by TCA on its Montreal–
Prestwick route.
Operational history
In
1945 in aviation, deliveries commenced of 30 British-built Lancastrians for British Overseas Airways Corporation. On a demonstration flight on 23 April 1945, G-AGLF flew 13,500 miles (21,700 km) from England to
Auckland, New Zealand in three days, 14 hours at an average speed of 220 mph (354 km/h).
Since the Lancastrian had rather limited cubic capacity yet had a "good turn of speed" and long range, it was most suited for transport of mail and VIP passengers. BOAC used it on England to
Australia flights from
31 May 1945. It also served with the Royal Air Force, one of whose planes named
Aries, completing the first airborne circumnavigation of the globe, as well as serving with
QANTAS and Flota Aerea Mercante
Argentina.
Lancastrians were also used during the
Berlin Airlift to transport petrol; 15 aircraft made over 5,000 sorties.
In another role, Lancastrians were also used for tests of various turboprop and
jet engines. One powered with
Rolls-Royce Nene turbojets is credited with the first international passenger jet flight from London to Paris on
23 November 1946. The flight time was just 41 minutes.
Stardust
On 2 August
1947, Lancastrian
G-AGWH Star Dust (aeroplane) of
British South American Airways crashed in the Argentina Andes after sending a cryptic radio message, what became known as the "Stendec." The wreckage was found 50 years later but the radio message remains a puzzle.
Stendec was later adopted as the name of a UFO magazine.
The probable cause of the crash was a navigation error due to the then unknown effect of fast-moving, high altitude airstreams. Headwinds meant that dead reckoning of their position was inaccurate and the pilot started the descent while the plane was still over and not past the crest of the Andes mountains.
Variants
Avro 691Nine built by converting Lancasters at Victory Aircraft Ltd Canada.
Lancastrian C.1Nine-seat transport aircraft for
BOAC and Qantas. Royal Air Force designation
Lancastrian C.1 to List of Air Ministry Specifications. A total of 23 built by Avro
Lancastrian C.2Nine-seat military transport aircraft for the RAF. A total of 33 built by Avro
Lancastrian C.313-seat transport aircraft for British South American Airways. A total of 18 built by Avro
Lancastrian C.4Ten to 13-seat military transport aircraft for the RAF. Eight built by Avro
Operators
Civil Operators
Military Operators
Specifications (Lancastrian C.1)
{{aircraft specifications
|plane or copter?=plane|jet or prop?=prop
|ref=
|crew=5|capacity=9 passengers|payload main=3,560 kg of mail|payload alt=|length main= 76 ft 10 in|length alt=23.4 m|span main=102 ft|span alt=31.1 m|height main=19 ft 6 in|height alt=5.9 m|area main= 1,297 ft²|area alt= 120.5 m²|airfoil=|empty weight main= 30,426 lb|empty weight alt= 13,800 kg|loaded weight main=65,000 lb|loaded weight alt= 29,480 kg|useful load main=|useful load alt=|max takeoff weight main=|max takeoff weight alt=|more general=
|engine (jet)=|type of jet=|number of jets=|thrust main=|thrust alt=|thrust original=|afterburning thrust main=|afterburning thrust alt=|engine (prop)=
Rolls Royce Merlin 24|type of prop=piston|number of props=4|power main= 1,250 hp|power alt=930 kW|power original=
|max speed main= 310 mph at 5,000 ft|max speed alt= 500 km/h at 1,520 m|cruise speed main=|cruise speed alt=|stall speed main=|stall speed alt=|never exceed speed main=|never exceed speed alt=|range main= 4,150 miles|range alt=6,680 km|ceiling main= 23,000 ft|ceiling alt= 7,000 m|climb rate main=750 ft/min|climb rate alt= 230 m/min|loading main=|loading alt=|thrust/weight=|power/mass main=|power/mass alt=|more performance=
|armament=
|avionics=
-->
References
- Franks, Richard A. The Avro Lancaster, Manchester and Lincoln: A Comprehensive Guide for the Modeller. London: SAM Publications, 2000. ISBN 0-9533465-3-6.
- Holmes, Harry. Avro Lancaster (Combat Legend series). Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd., 2002. ISBN 1-84037-376-8.
- Jackson, A.J. Avro Aircraft since 1908, 2nd edition. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1990. ISBN 0-85177-834-8.
- Mackay, R.S.G. Lancaster in action. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications Inc., 1982. ISBN 0-89747-130-X.
- Milberry, Larry. The Canadair North Star. Toronto: CANAV Books, 1982. ISBN 0-07-549965-7.
- Taylor, John W. R. "Avro Lancaster." Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. ISBN 0-425-03633-2.
External links
- British Aircraft Directory
- British Aircraft of WWII
Related content
{{aircontent|related=
|similar aircraft=
|sequence=Avro York -
Avro Tudor -691 -
Avro Cabin Cadet -Avro Lincoln -Avro Athena -
Avro Shackleton|lists=
|see also=List of aircraft of the RAF
-->
